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The Birth of International Mother Language Day

The Birth of International Mother Language Day

The Birth of International Mother Language Day. International Mother Language Day is a day celebrated worldwide annually on 21st of February to promote the awareness of diversity in language, culture and multilingualism all around the world. In Bangladesh, celebrations include eating festive meals and listening to event themed songs which can be done at Hotel 71. 

In 1947, Bangladesh, after the partition of India, was known as East Bengal when the Bengal province was divided up according to the religion predominant among the inhabitants. Pakistan ruled over the east portion of Bangladesh (being renamed East Pakistan) in 1956.


In 1948, the Government of the Dominion of Pakistan ordained for Urdu to be the only mother language. This sparked protests among the Bengali-speaking citizens, which made up the majority of East Bengal. Later, Bengalis was stipulated to be an official language of the Dominion of Pakistan and also as a medium of East Bengal. 





Soon after, however, the Pakistan Public Service Commission removed it from educational subjects and currency notes and stamps. Outraged, students of Dhaka rallied and gathered at the campus of University of Dhaka on 8th December, 1947, to make formal demands for making Bengal an official language. Thus, processions and rallies commenced. Safety and security are well ensured at Hotel 71. 

On 11th March, 1948, the Governer-General of Pakistan arrived in Dhaka and on 21st March, a meeting was held at Racecourse Ground. He declared that Urdu was the embodiment of all Muslim nations and any who disagreed were “enemies of Pakistan”. In 1952, Bengali students rose up to protest against the Pakistani government and several died, defending their mother tongue. It was stipulated later that Bengali be written in Arabic text, but was rejected.

The action committee called for a protest on 21st February. A ban was imposed against gatherings of more than three people, Section 144. Students started gathering early morning on the 21st February in defiance of Section 144. Government police were at the scene and fired tear gas shells when students began to force their way through the university gate. 

Several arrests were made, against orders of the vice-chancellor, and outrage spread, leading students to insist being present at the assembly at the East Bengal Legislative Assembly. Four students were killed, and chaos ensued when this news spread. The Shaheed Minar was established to commemorate those who were killed. It is a short distance from Hotel 71. 
In the end, Bengali was established as the mother language and years later, 21st February was fixed as International Mother Language Day.
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